Shingles, or herpes zoster, is a viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus — the same virus responsible for chickenpox. It primarily affects older adults and individuals with weakened immune systems. While not typically life-threatening, shingles can be extremely painful and may lead to long-term nerve damage if not treated early.
After someone recovers from chickenpox, the virus remains dormant in nerve tissue. Years or even decades later, it can reactivate as shingles. The condition often presents as a painful rash on one side of the body, commonly on the torso, face, or chest. The reasons for reactivation aren’t fully understood, but risk factors include aging, stress, chronic illness, or immune suppression.
Shingles isn’t highly contagious, but the virus can spread to individuals who’ve never had chickenpox, usually through direct contact with fluid from blisters. Common symptoms begin with tingling, burning, or stabbing nerve pain, followed by skin sensitivity, mild fever, and fatigue. A rash typically develops within days, leading to fluid-filled blisters that crust over and heal in a few weeks. Some people may experience lingering pain, a condition known as postherpetic neuralgia (PHN).
Treatment is most effective when started within 72 hours of symptom onset. Doctors often prescribe antiviral medications such as acyclovir or valacyclovir to reduce the severity and duration. Pain relief may include over-the-counter options, prescription medications, or topical treatments like cool compresses and calamine lotion to ease discomfort.
Prevention plays a key role, especially for those over 50. A shingles vaccine is recommended for older adults and people with weakened immunity. While it doesn’t eliminate the risk entirely, it significantly reduces the chance of an outbreak and can lessen the severity if shingles does occur.
If you’ve had chickenpox and experience sudden nerve pain or a blistering rash, prompt medical attention is crucial. Early treatment improves outcomes, reduces complications, and can help you recover more comfortably and quickly.