Heart failure (HF) is not a sudden illness but the result of daily habits that weaken the heart over time. According to the World Health Organization, the World Heart Federation, and the American Heart Association, at least 26 million people worldwide live with HF, and its prevalence continues to rise.

Heart failure does not mean the heart has stopped, but rather that it cannot pump blood as efficiently as it should. This reduced function deprives the body of oxygen and nutrients, leading to fatigue, shortness of breath, and even a chronic cough. Over time, routine activities like walking or climbing stairs become difficult.

Although HF is lifelong, remission is possible with proper treatment and healthier lifestyle choices. Doctors warn that four common habits are strongly linked to heart failure, and breaking them is essential for long-term heart health.

The first is excessive salt intake. Too much sodium causes fluid retention and raises blood pressure, which strains the heart. Guidelines recommend 2,000–3,000 mg daily for most patients, and less than 2,000 mg for those with more severe symptoms. Choosing fresh foods, cooking at home, and using herbs instead of salt can help.

The second is a sedentary lifestyle. Prolonged sitting reduces circulation, promotes weight gain, and raises heart disease risk. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise weekly, such as walking, cycling, or swimming, while breaking up long sitting periods with movement.

Third, smoking and excessive alcohol consumption damage the heart. Smoking raises blood pressure and lowers oxygen supply, while heavy drinking weakens the heart muscle. Quitting smoking and limiting alcohol to moderate levels are crucial steps toward prevention.

The fourth is chronic stress and poor sleep. Elevated stress hormones raise blood pressure, while inadequate rest disrupts metabolism and increases risks of obesity and diabetes. Stress management, mindfulness, and 7–9 hours of quality sleep each night are key.

By addressing these habits—reducing salt, staying active, avoiding smoking and alcohol, and improving stress and sleep—people can protect their hearts, prevent progression of HF, and improve quality of life.