Significant changes to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) are set to reshape food assistance across the United States. Introduced under the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, the reforms represent one of the most substantial updates to the program in decades. Key provisions include reductions in federal funding and stricter eligibility standards.
According to the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), the revised rules could affect an estimated 2.4 million people per month once fully implemented. A central component is the expansion of work requirements, with adults ages 18 through 64 generally required to work at least 80 hours per month to maintain benefits beyond a limited timeframe.
Certain exemptions remain in place for individuals with disabilities and parents caring for young children. However, other exemptions have been removed, including those for veterans, people experiencing homelessness, and young adults aging out of foster care. States may apply for waivers in areas with particularly high unemployment.
The law also narrows SNAP eligibility for immigrants, restricting benefits to U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents. Previously, some non-citizens with humanitarian or temporary protections could receive assistance. The CBO estimates this change could affect roughly 90,000 people per month.
Updates to the Thrifty Food Plan, which determines benefit levels, will be paused until 2027 to control program costs. Supporters argue that these reforms improve accountability and encourage self-sufficiency.
Critics, however, warn that stricter rules and funding cuts may worsen food insecurity for vulnerable households. They emphasize that removing protections for certain populations could leave many struggling to access essential nutrition.
SNAP has long been a vital lifeline for millions of Americans, helping low-income families, seniors, and individuals with disabilities afford healthy food. Changes to eligibility and benefits represent a significant shift in how that support is delivered.
As the reforms take effect, states and advocacy groups are monitoring their impact closely. While some hail the changes as a step toward program efficiency, others fear the human cost for families who rely on these benefits to make ends meet.