Sweeping changes to the federal food stamp program — officially known as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) — are set to begin rolling out this November under the newly enacted One Big Beautiful Bill Act. The legislation marks one of the most significant overhauls of food assistance policy in decades, touching nearly every part of the program.
According to projections from the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), the bill will reduce federal SNAP funding by an estimated $187 billion through 2034. Lawmakers behind the act describe the reforms as necessary modernization, while critics warn the cuts will place millions of low-income households at risk.
A key component of the overhaul involves major adjustments to eligibility requirements. These changes will narrow access to benefits, particularly for adults without dependents, and shift more administrative responsibilities to the states. As states absorb these added duties, many are preparing for increased costs and complex implementation demands.
The CBO estimates that once the reforms are fully phased in, roughly 2.4 million Americans will lose SNAP benefits in an average month. This figure includes individuals who no longer meet new work rules as well as those who will be screened out due to altered income and documentation thresholds.
Work requirements will also expand under the act. Current rules already limit benefits for certain adults who cannot verify at least 80 hours of work per month. The new legislation reinforces these requirements and is expected to tighten exemptions, making it more difficult for some recipients to maintain ongoing assistance.
Supporters of the law argue that stricter work standards encourage self-sufficiency and reduce long-term reliance on government aid. They contend that the updated structure will streamline benefits and promote workforce participation.
Opponents strongly dispute this perspective, noting that many SNAP recipients already work, often in low-wage or unstable jobs. They warn that the new rules could harm individuals who face barriers such as limited childcare, irregular hours, or health challenges.
As November approaches, states, advocacy groups, and families are bracing for the impact. The coming changes are poised to reshape how millions of Americans access food assistance in the years ahead.