In a recent move to combat anti-Semitism, former U.S. President Donald Trump signed an executive order with major implications for foreign students and pro-Palestinian protesters. The order authorizes the deportation of international students who take part in demonstrations deemed anti-Israel, reflecting the administration’s broader effort to curb what it views as support for organizations like Hamas.

Signed in late January 2025, the order directs federal agencies to identify and potentially revoke visas of non-citizen students involved in such protests. Officials argue that existing immigration laws already permit deportation of individuals who “endorse or espouse” terrorist groups, citing Hamas’s U.S. designation as a foreign terrorist organization since 1997.

Supporters of the order say it reinforces national security and sends a strong message against hate speech targeting Jewish communities. They argue that protests crossing into anti-Semitic rhetoric have become increasingly concerning on U.S. campuses.

Critics, however, claim the measure infringes on free speech and unfairly targets international students. Civil rights groups warn that the policy could have a chilling effect on campus activism and suppress legitimate political expression.

University leaders across the country are seeking clarification on how “anti-Israel” demonstrations will be defined and enforced. Some fear the order could place schools in conflict with federal authorities over disciplinary or immigration matters.

Immigration lawyers also question the practicality and legality of enforcing deportations based on participation in protests, especially when defining “endorsement” of terrorism remains ambiguous.

Meanwhile, student organizations have vowed to continue advocating for Palestinian rights while distancing themselves from any rhetoric or behavior that could be construed as hate speech.

The executive order adds a new layer of tension to ongoing debates about free expression, immigration policy, and the balance between national security and civil liberties in post-pandemic America.