Recent research highlights how gut microbiota may influence autism development. A study in The Journal of Immunology found that the mother’s gut bacteria may impact a child’s brain development through a molecule called interleukin-17a (IL-17a), an immune cytokine also linked to autoimmune diseases.

Using mice, scientists showed that those with inflammation-triggering bacteria and high IL-17a levels developed autism-like behaviors. Transferring gut bacteria from these mice to healthy ones led to similar symptoms. Blocking IL-17a early on prevented these behaviors, though the effect faded as the mice matured.

Lead researcher John Lukens emphasized the importance of identifying microbiome traits in pregnant women that might influence autism risk. However, manipulating the immune system during pregnancy carries risks, and IL-17a is only one piece of a complex puzzle.

The study lays groundwork for further human-focused research on maternal gut health and neurodevelopmental disorders.